What Is Cancer Nutritional Support?
According to the National Cancer Institute, nutrition in cancer
care embodies prevention of disease, treatment, cure, or supportive palliation.
Caution should be exercised when considering alternative or unproven nutritional
therapies during all phases of cancer treatment and supportive palliation, as
these diets may prove harmful. Patient nutritional status plays an integral role
in determining not only risk of developing cancer but also risk of
therapy-related toxicity and medical outcomes. Whether the goal of cancer
treatment is cure or palliation, early detection of nutritional problems and
prompt intervention are essential.
The original principles of nutrition care for people diagnosed
with cancer were developed in 1979 [1] and are still very relevant today.
Proactive nutritional care can prevent or reduce the complications typically
associated with the treatment of cancer.[1]
Many nutritional problems stem from local effects of the tumor.
Tumors in the gastrointestinal tract, for example, can cause obstruction,
nausea, vomiting, impaired digestion, and/or malabsorption. In addition to the
effects of the tumor, marked alterations in normal metabolism of carbohydrates,
protein, and/or fats can occur.[2]
The nutritional prognostic indicators most recognized as being
predictive of poor outcome include weight loss, wasting, and malnutrition. In
addition, significant weight loss at the time of diagnosis has been associated
with decreased survival and reduced response to surgery, radiation therapy,
and/or chemotherapy.[3]
Malnutrition and accompanying weight loss can be part of an
individual’s presentation or can be caused or aggravated by treatments for the
disease. Identification of nutrition problems and treatment of nutrition-related
symptoms have been shown to stabilize or reverse weight loss in 50% to 88% of
oncology patients.[4]
What Is The Goal of Nutrition Therapy In Cancer?
Why Consider ResoluCan™ Nutritional Support.
References
- Shils ME: Principles of nutritional therapy. Cancer 43 (5 Suppl): 2093-102, 1979. [PUBMED Abstract]
- Langstein HN, Norton JA: Mechanisms of cancer cachexia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 5 (1): 103-23, 1991. [PUBMED Abstract]
- Dewys WD, Begg C, Lavin PT, et al.: Prognostic effect of weight loss prior to chemotherapy in cancer patients. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Am J Med 69 (4): 491-7, 1980. [PUBMED Abstract]
- Ottery FD, Kasenic S, DeBolt S, et al.: Volunteer network accrues >1900 patients in 6 months to validate standardized nutritional triage. [Abstract] Proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 17: A-282, 73a, 1998.
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